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+// Exercise the shipped worker against mocked Chrome APIs and a separate page world.
+// This checks command routing and failure cleanup, not browser isTrusted semantics.
+// Live input/selection fidelity is covered by challenges 16, 21, 31, and 44.
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import vm from "node:vm";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+
+const workerSource = fs.readFileSync(new URL("../../extensions/chrome-profile-bridge/browser-extension/service_worker.js", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+const clone = (value) => JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(value));
+
+function harness({ tag = "DIV", editable = true, initial = "", nodeId = 7 } = {}) {
+  const calls = [], selected = [], files = [], tabLookups = [];
+  let selectAll = false;
+  const element = {
+    tagName: tag, type: tag === "INPUT" ? "text" : undefined,
+    isContentEditable: editable, isConnected: true, textContent: initial,
+    scrollIntoView() {}, getBoundingClientRect: () => ({ left: 10, top: 10, width: 200, height: 60 }),
+    contains: (el) => el === element,
+  };
+  const selection = {
+    removeAllRanges() { selectAll = false; },
+    addRange(range) { selected.push(range.target); selectAll = range.target === element; },
+  };
+  const page = vm.createContext({
+    document: {
+      activeElement: element,
+      querySelector: (selector) => selector === "#target" ? element : null,
+      createRange: () => ({ selectNodeContents(target) { this.target = target; } }),
+    },
+    getSelection: () => selection,
+    location: { href: "https://fixture.test/" },
+    __PI_CHROME_STATE__: { elements: { "el-1": element } },
+  });
+  page.window = page;
+  const listener = { addListener() {}, removeListener() {} };
+  const chrome = {
+    runtime: { id: "test", getManifest: () => ({ version: "0.0.0" }), onInstalled: listener, onStartup: listener },
+    alarms: { create() {}, onAlarm: listener }, action: { onClicked: listener }, webNavigation: { onCommitted: listener },
+    debugger: { onDetach: listener },
+    scripting: { executeScript: async ({ func, args = [] }) => {
+      calls.push({ method: "scripting.executeScript" });
+      const fn = vm.runInContext(`(${func.toString()})`, page);
+      return [{ result: await fn(...args) }];
+    } },
+  };
+  const worker = {
+    chrome, console, setTimeout, clearTimeout, setInterval: () => 0,
+    navigator: { userAgent: "unit-test" }, fetch: async () => { throw new Error("no network in unit tests"); },
+  };
+  worker.self = worker;
+  vm.runInNewContext(workerSource, worker);
+  worker.sleep = async () => {};
+  worker.getTabByParams = async (params) => {
+    tabLookups.push(clone(params));
+    return { id: Number(params.targetId ?? 2), windowId: 1 };
+  };
+  worker.bringToFront = async () => {};
+  worker.attachDebugger = async () => {};
+  worker.cdpMoveTo = async () => {};
+  worker.cdp = async (tabId, method, params = {}) => {
+    calls.push({ tabId, method, params: clone(params) });
+    const error = h.failures.get(method);
+    if (error) throw new Error(error);
+    if (method === "Runtime.evaluate") {
+      try {
+        const result = vm.runInContext(params.expression, page);
+        if (result === element) return { result: { objectId: "upload-object" } };
+        return { result: { value: clone(result) } };
+      } catch (error) {
+        return { exceptionDetails: { text: error.message, exception: { description: error.message } } };
+      }
+    }
+    if (method === "DOM.requestNode") return h.nodeResult;
+    if (method === "DOM.setFileInputFiles") files.push(...params.files);
+    if (method === "Input.insertText") element.textContent += params.text;
+    if (method === "Input.dispatchKeyEvent" && params.type === "keyDown") {
+      if (params.key === "Delete") {
+        // Triple-click selects a paragraph, not a whole multi-paragraph editor.
+        element.textContent = selectAll ? "" : element.textContent.replace(/[^\n]*$/, "");
+        selectAll = false;
+      } else if (params.text) element.textContent += params.text;
+    }
+    return {};
+  };
+  worker.domFillFallback = async (_tabId, params) => {
+    calls.push({ method: "domFillFallback" });
+    element.textContent = params.text;
+    return { input: "dom-fallback" };
+  };
+  const h = {
+    worker, chrome, page, calls, element, selected, files, tabLookups, failures: new Map(), nodeResult: { nodeId },
+    call: (action, params = {}) => worker.dispatch(`page.${action}`, { targetId: "2", background: true, ...params }),
+    commands: (method) => calls.filter((call) => call.method === method),
+  };
+  return h;
+}
+
+for (const [name, nodeResult] of [["node ID", { nodeId: 7 }], ["zero node ID", { nodeId: 0 }], ["missing node ID", {}], ["no response", undefined]]) {
+  test(`upload accepts ${name} and releases the remote object`, async () => {
+    const h = harness({ tag: "INPUT", editable: false });
+    h.element.type = "file";
+    h.nodeResult = nodeResult;
+    const result = await h.call("upload", { uid: "el-1", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt", "/tmp/b.txt"] });
+    const target = nodeResult?.nodeId ? { nodeId: 7 } : { objectId: "upload-object" };
+    assert.deepEqual(h.commands("DOM.setFileInputFiles").map((c) => c.params), [{ ...target, files: ["/tmp/a.txt", "/tmp/b.txt"] }]);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.files, ["/tmp/a.txt", "/tmp/b.txt"]);
+    assert.equal(result.input, "chrome");
+    assert.deepEqual(clone(result.uploaded), [{ path: "/tmp/a.txt" }, { path: "/tmp/b.txt" }]);
+    assert.deepEqual(h.commands("Runtime.releaseObject").map((c) => c.params), [{ objectId: "upload-object" }]);
+    assert.equal(h.calls.at(-1).method, "Runtime.releaseObject");
+  });
+}
+
+test("upload falls back on requestNode failure, not on a failed file attachment", async () => {
+  const h = harness({ tag: "INPUT", editable: false });
+  h.element.type = "file";
+  h.failures.set("DOM.requestNode", "node conversion unavailable");
+  await h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] });
+  assert.deepEqual(h.commands("DOM.setFileInputFiles")[0].params, { objectId: "upload-object", files: ["/tmp/a.txt"] });
+  h.calls.length = 0;
+  h.failures.set("DOM.setFileInputFiles", "attachment denied");
+  h.failures.set("Runtime.releaseObject", "target closed during cleanup");
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /attachment denied/);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("DOM.setFileInputFiles").length, 1, "no object-ID retry after an uncertain file attachment");
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Runtime.releaseObject").length, 1, "cleanup still runs on error");
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Runtime.callFunctionOn").length, 0, "no notification after failed attachment");
+});
+
+test("upload releases valid node-path references on failure and tolerates notification/cleanup failure", async () => {
+  const h = harness({ tag: "INPUT", editable: false });
+  h.element.type = "file";
+  h.failures.set("DOM.setFileInputFiles", "file inaccessible");
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /file inaccessible/);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Runtime.releaseObject").length, 1);
+  h.failures.delete("DOM.setFileInputFiles");
+  for (const method of ["DOM.enable", "Runtime.callFunctionOn", "Runtime.releaseObject"]) h.failures.set(method, "optional step failed");
+  const result = await h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] });
+  assert.equal(result.input, "chrome");
+});
+
+test("upload rejects non-file elements, missing targets/paths, and stale UIDs without attaching anything", async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /Target must be <input type=file>/);
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /selector or uid required/);
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { selector: "#target", paths: [] }), /no file paths/);
+  h.element.tagName = "INPUT";
+  h.element.type = "file";
+  h.element.isConnected = false;
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { uid: "el-1", selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /snapshot uid el-1 is stale/);
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("upload", { uid: "missing", selector: "#target", paths: ["/tmp/a.txt"] }), /snapshot uid missing is stale/);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("DOM.setFileInputFiles").length, 0);
+});
+
+const caption = "Long caption: café, 中文, 👩🏽‍💻.  Two spaces.\nSecond paragraph! ".repeat(12);
+for (const target of [{ selector: "#target" }, { uid: "el-1" }, {}]) {
+  test(`contenteditable typing uses one native insertText (${Object.keys(target)[0] ?? "already focused"})`, async () => {
+    const h = harness();
+    const result = await h.call("type", { ...target, text: caption });
+    assert.deepEqual(h.commands("Input.insertText").map((c) => c.params), [{ text: caption }]);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").length, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.element.textContent, caption);
+    assert.equal(result.input, "chrome");
+    assert.equal(result.length, caption.length);
+    assert.equal(result.typing, "insertText");
+  });
+}
+
+for (const perCharacter of [false, true]) {
+  test(`contenteditable fill replaces every paragraph (perCharacter=${perCharacter})`, async () => {
+    const h = harness({ initial: "First paragraph\nSecond paragraph\nThird paragraph" });
+    const text = perCharacter ? "Hello!" : caption;
+    const result = await h.call("fill", { uid: "el-1", text, perCharacter, domFallback: false });
+    assert.equal(h.selected.length, 1);
+    assert.equal(h.selected[0], h.element);
+    assert.equal(h.element.textContent, text);
+    assert.equal(result.typing, perCharacter ? "keys" : "insertText");
+    const deletion = h.calls.findIndex((c) => c.method === "Input.dispatchKeyEvent" && c.params.key === "Delete");
+    const insertion = h.calls.findIndex((c) => c.method === "Input.insertText" || (c.method === "Input.dispatchKeyEvent" && c.params.text));
+    assert.ok(deletion >= 0 && deletion < insertion);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("domFillFallback").length, 0);
+  });
+}
+
+test("fill refuses to select an unrelated focused editor", async () => {
+  const h = harness({ initial: "keep this" });
+  h.page.document.activeElement = { isContentEditable: true, contains: () => false };
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("fill", { selector: "#target", text: "replace", domFallback: false }), /requested contenteditable is not focused/);
+  assert.equal(h.selected.length, 0);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").length, 0, "no Delete in the wrong editor");
+  assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "keep this");
+});
+
+test("focused-editor inspection failures do not silently switch to keystrokes", async () => {
+  const h = harness();
+  h.chrome.scripting.executeScript = async () => { throw new Error("inspection denied"); };
+  await assert.rejects(h.call("type", { text: "hello" }), /inspection denied/);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 0);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").length, 0);
+});
+
+test("perCharacter preserves keydown-dependent editors; ordinary inputs/textareas retain key events", async () => {
+  for (const options of [{}, { tag: "INPUT", editable: false }, { tag: "TEXTAREA", editable: false }, { tag: "DIV", editable: false }]) {
+    const h = harness(options);
+    await h.call("type", { text: "Aa.!", ...(options.tag ? {} : { perCharacter: true }) });
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "Aa.!");
+    assert.deepEqual(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").filter((c) => c.params.text).map((c) => c.params.text), ["A", "a", ".", "!"]);
+  }
+});
+
+test("empty typing is a no-op; empty fill still deletes the entire editor", async () => {
+  const h = harness({ initial: "first\nsecond" });
+  await h.call("type", { text: "" });
+  assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "first\nsecond");
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 0);
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").length, 0);
+  await h.call("fill", { selector: "#target", text: "", domFallback: false });
+  assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "");
+  assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 0);
+});
+
+test("insertText failures propagate without silently retrying keystrokes; fill honors domFallback:false", async () => {
+  for (const action of ["type", "fill"]) {
+    const h = harness();
+    h.failures.set("Input.insertText", "insertion failed");
+    await assert.rejects(h.call(action, { selector: "#target", text: "hello", domFallback: false }), /insertion failed/);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 1);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").filter((c) => c.params.text).length, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("domFillFallback").length, 0);
+  }
+  const h = harness();
+  h.failures.set("Input.insertText", "insertion failed");
+  const result = await h.call("fill", { selector: "#target", text: "hello" });
+  assert.equal(result.input, "dom-fallback", "existing opt-out fallback remains available");
+});
+
+test("stale typing/fill UIDs never insert text or delete the old selection", async () => {
+  for (const action of ["type", "fill"]) {
+    const h = harness();
+    h.element.isConnected = false;
+    await assert.rejects(h.call(action, { uid: "el-1", text: "hello", domFallback: false }), /snapshot uid el-1 is stale/);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.insertText").length, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").length, 0);
+  }
+});
+
+for (const [key, text, code, vk] of [
+  ["a", "A", "KeyA", 65], ["A", "A", "KeyA", 65], ["1", "!", "Digit1", 49],
+  ["!", "!", "Digit1", 49], ["2", "@", "Digit2", 50], [".", ">", "Period", 190],
+  ["/", "?", "Slash", 191], [" ", " ", "Space", 32],
+]) {
+  test(`Shift+${key} emits ${text} with the correct physical key and text`, async () => {
+    const h = harness({ tag: "INPUT", editable: false });
+    const result = await h.call("key", { key, modifiers: { shiftKey: true } });
+    const events = h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").map((c) => c.params);
+    assert.deepEqual(events.map((e) => [e.type, e.key]), [["keyDown", "Shift"], ["keyDown", text], ["keyUp", text], ["keyUp", "Shift"]]);
+    assert.equal(events[1].text, text);
+    assert.equal(events[1].unmodifiedText, text);
+    assert.equal(events[1].code, code);
+    assert.equal(events[1].windowsVirtualKeyCode, vk);
+    assert.equal(events[1].modifiers, 8);
+    assert.equal(events.at(-1).modifiers, 0);
+    assert.equal(h.element.textContent, text);
+    assert.equal(result.key, text);
+  });
+}
+
+test("every US shifted digit/punctuation maps without changing its physical code", () => {
+  const { worker } = harness();
+  const unshifted = "`1234567890-=[]\\;',./";
+  const shifted = '~!@#$%^&*()_+{}|:"<>?';
+  assert.equal(unshifted.length, shifted.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < unshifted.length; i++) {
+    const base = worker.cdpKeyInfo(unshifted[i]);
+    const shift = worker.cdpKeyInfo(unshifted[i], true);
+    assert.equal(shift.text, shifted[i]);
+    assert.equal(shift.code, base.code);
+    assert.equal(shift.windowsVirtualKeyCode, base.windowsVirtualKeyCode);
+  }
+});
+
+test("Ctrl/Meta/Alt shortcuts never insert their literal character, even with Shift", async () => {
+  for (const modifier of ["ctrlKey", "metaKey", "altKey"]) {
+    for (const shiftKey of [false, true]) {
+      const h = harness();
+      await h.call("key", { key: "a", modifiers: { [modifier]: true, shiftKey } });
+      const down = h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").find((c) => c.params.code === "KeyA").params;
+      assert.equal(down.type, "rawKeyDown");
+      assert.equal(down.text, "");
+      assert.equal(down.unmodifiedText, "");
+      assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "");
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+test("named keys keep codes and Shift+Enter carries newline text", async () => {
+  for (const [key, code, text] of [["ArrowLeft", "ArrowLeft", ""], ["Tab", "Tab", "\t"], ["Enter", "Enter", "\r"], ["Escape", "Escape", ""]]) {
+    const h = harness();
+    await h.call("key", { key, modifiers: { shiftKey: true } });
+    const down = h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").find((c) => c.params.key === key).params;
+    assert.equal(down.code, code);
+    assert.equal(down.text, text);
+  }
+});
+
+test("challenge 21 waits for releases, accepts a complete trusted chord, and rejects missing text/synthetic input", () => {
+  const html = fs.readFileSync(new URL("../challenges/21-keyboard-modifiers.html", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const script = html.match(/<script>([\s\S]*?)<\/script>/)[1];
+  for (const mode of ["trusted", "synthetic", "missing-text"]) {
+    const listeners = new Map();
+    const field = { value: "", addEventListener: (name, fn) => listeners.set(name, [...(listeners.get(name) ?? []), fn]) };
+    let verdict = "PENDING";
+    const page = {
+      document: { getElementById: () => field },
+      Challenge: { init() {}, log() {}, pass: () => { verdict = "PASS"; }, fail: () => { verdict = "FAIL"; } },
+    };
+    vm.runInNewContext(script, page);
+    function fire(name, key, code, timeStamp) {
+      const event = { key, code, timeStamp, isTrusted: mode !== "synthetic", shiftKey: true, getModifierState: () => true };
+      for (const fn of listeners.get(name) ?? []) fn(event);
+    }
+    fire("keydown", "Shift", "ShiftLeft", 1);
+    fire("keydown", "A", "KeyA", 2);
+    if (mode !== "missing-text") field.value = "A";
+    fire("input", undefined, undefined, 3);
+    assert.equal(verdict, "PENDING", "input precedes release events");
+    fire("keyup", "A", "KeyA", 4);
+    assert.equal(verdict, "PENDING");
+    fire("keyup", "Shift", "ShiftLeft", 5);
+    assert.equal(verdict, mode === "trusted" ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
+  }
+});
+
+test("challenge 44 grader accepts native input evidence and rejects broken or synthetic results", async () => {
+  const html = fs.readFileSync(new URL("../challenges/44-input-reliability.html", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const script = html.match(/<script>([\s\S]*?)<\/script>/)[1];
+  for (const mode of ["good", "wrong-text", "old-paragraphs", "synthetic", "per-character-auto", "missing-keys", "double-enter", "bad-shift", "wrong-file", "html"]) {
+    const nodes = new Map();
+    function node(id) {
+      if (!nodes.has(id)) nodes.set(id, {
+        innerText: "", value: "", files: [], listeners: new Map(),
+        querySelector: () => mode === "html" && id === "typed" ? {} : null,
+        addEventListener(name, fn) { this.listeners.set(name, [...(this.listeners.get(name) ?? []), fn]); },
+      });
+      return nodes.get(id);
+    }
+    let verdict = "PENDING";
+    const page = {
+      document: { getElementById: node },
+      Challenge: { init() {}, log() {}, pass: () => { verdict = "PASS"; }, fail: () => { verdict = "FAIL"; } },
+    };
+    page.window = page;
+    vm.runInNewContext(script, page);
+    async function fire(id, name, props = {}) {
+      const event = { isTrusted: mode !== "synthetic", preventDefault() {}, ...props };
+      for (const fn of node(id).listeners.get(name) ?? []) await fn(event);
+    }
+    for (const id of ["typed", "filled"]) {
+      node(id).innerText = page.__inputFixture.caption;
+      await fire(id, "beforeinput");
+      await fire(id, "input");
+    }
+    if (mode === "wrong-text") node("typed").innerText = "wrong";
+    if (mode === "old-paragraphs") node("filled").innerText += "OLD paragraph";
+    if (mode === "per-character-auto") await fire("typed", "keydown", { key: "a" });
+    node("keys").innerText = "Ab!";
+    if (mode !== "missing-keys") for (const key of "Ab!") {
+      await fire("keys", "keydown", { key });
+      await fire("keys", "input");
+    }
+    node("shift").value = "A!?";
+    for (const [key, code] of [["A", "KeyA"], ["!", "Digit1"], ["?", "Slash"]]) {
+      await fire("shift", "keydown", { key: "Shift", code: "ShiftLeft", shiftKey: true });
+      await fire("shift", "keydown", { key, code, shiftKey: mode !== "bad-shift" });
+      await fire("shift", "keyup", { key, code, shiftKey: true });
+      await fire("shift", "keyup", { key: "Shift", code: "ShiftLeft", shiftKey: false });
+    }
+    node("once").value = "done";
+    await fire("onceForm", "submit");
+    if (mode === "double-enter") await fire("onceForm", "submit");
+    node("file").files = [{ name: "pi-chrome-upload.txt", text: async () => mode === "wrong-file" ? "wrong" : "pi-chrome upload fixture\n" }];
+    await fire("file", "change");
+    await fire("verify", "click");
+    assert.equal(verdict, mode === "good" ? "PASS" : "FAIL", mode);
+  }
+});
+
+test("pressEnter/submit emit one Enter after text and stay pinned to the resolved tab", async () => {
+  for (const action of ["type", "fill"]) {
+    for (const editable of [true, false]) {
+      const h = harness({ editable });
+      await h.call(action, { targetId: undefined, urlIncludes: "fixture.test", selector: "#target", text: "ok", pressEnter: true, submit: true, domFallback: false });
+      const enters = h.commands("Input.dispatchKeyEvent").filter((c) => c.params.type !== "keyUp" && (c.params.key === "Enter" || c.params.text === "\r"));
+      assert.equal(enters.length, 1);
+      assert.equal(enters[0].params.key, "Enter");
+      assert.equal(h.element.textContent, "ok\r");
+      assert.equal(String(h.tabLookups.at(-1).targetId), "2", "Enter must not resolve a different URL/title match");
+    }
+  }
+});